对70例激素性骨坏死患者凝血纤溶系统改变的分析

目的测定激素性骨坏死患者血栓形成和低纤溶倾向的指标,探讨激素性骨坏死的病因学,以用于对非创伤性骨坏死患者的早期预防诊断以及易感人群的筛选。材料和方法对70例激素性骨坏死患者抽取空腹肘静脉血,另取52名健康人作为对照。应用自动凝血仪测定凝血、纤溶指标。结果激素性骨坏死患者血液学因素改变明显,其中活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、抗凝蛋白C(PC)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物(PAI)、活化蛋白c抵抗(APC-R)、纤溶酶原(PLG),两组比较有显著性差异。结论激素性骨坏死患者的凝血纤溶指标异常,对激素性骨坏死易感人群可以进行高凝和低纤溶的筛选,APTT、PC、AT-Ⅲ、PAI、APC-R、PLG可以作为骨坏死易感因素的筛选指标。     

人羊膜间充质细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的 观察人羊膜间充质细胞(human amnion mesenchymal cells,hAMCs)体外诱导向成骨细胞分化,为骨组织工程提供种子细胞。方法 从剖宫产后废弃的人羊膜组织分离培养hAMCs,经成骨细胞诱导条件培养基诱导后,对细胞形态特征、碱性磷酸酶、骨桥素、骨钙素表达以及I型胶原分泌进行观察和检测。结果 原代培养的hAMCs形态呈长梭形或不规则形,呈均匀分布生长,传代后细胞体积略变大,约5～7d传代1次。经成骨细胞诱导培养15d后,hAMCs碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨桥素的表达呈阳性,并且检测有I型胶原分泌。结论 hAMCs易于体外分离培养及扩增,体外成骨细胞定向诱导的hAMCs具有典型的成骨细胞的形态和功能性特征,是良好的骨组织工程种子细胞。     

进一步提高股骨头坏死保存自身关节的疗效

对股骨头坏死患者,特别是早、中期的中青年患者,选择保存自身关节（joint—preserving）治疗的必要性和可能性已为多数骨科医师接受。目前面临最大的困难是如何进一步提高此种疗法的临床效果。本期集中刊登数篇临床经验、基础研究及综述等,目的是希望在更大范围内普及相关知识,使更多的骨科医师参与,以达共同进步。     

软骨延迟增强核磁成像法检测Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死软骨改变

目的 运用软骨延迟增强核磁成像法检测Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死的软骨改变,研究股骨头坏死塌陷前后软骨的改变规律.方法 采用软骨延迟增强核磁成像技术,对每名受试者进行钆增强延迟核磁共振扫描,应用MATLAB和Mrimapper软件进行数据处理,分别获得股骨头软骨感兴趣区的TIGd数据.样本为成人激素性股骨头坏死国际骨坏死与循环协会(ARCO)分期Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者和健康志愿者,分为3组,A组:ARCO Ⅱ期,11髋;B组:ARCO Ⅲ期,13髋;C组:健康对照组为无髋关节疾病的健康正常成年人,10髋.结果 A组T1Gd值为420±60,B组T1Gd值为361±54,C组T1Gd值为538±26,A组、B组患者T1Gd值与C组相比差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).股骨头坏死塌陷后期T1Gd值较塌陷前T1Gd值低14%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 股骨头坏死塌陷前的ARCO Ⅱ期股骨头关节软骨已经发生代谢变化,塌陷后ARCO Ⅲ期更加明显,说明骨坏死塌陷前期即影响关节关节软骨的代谢功能,并随坏死程度的加重而加重.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

Cartilage changes of femoral head osteonecrosis in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ as detected by dGEMRIC

Objective To detect the cartilage changes of hip joint with osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ and provide evidence for understanding cartilage changes of femoral head of osteonecrosis before collapse. Methods The cartilage changes of ONFH were determined by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). According to ARCO classification of ONFH, the samples were divided into three groups: Group A, 11 hips, stageⅡ; Group B,13 hips, stage Ⅲ; Group C, 10 hips, normal. All participates underwent the tests by dGEMRIC. And the data of T1Gd were collected and analyzed. Results The values of T1Gd were 420 ±60 (Group A) ,361 ±54(Group B) and 538 ±26 (Group C) respectively. There was a significant difference among three groups.The values of T1Gd in the ONFH patients were lower than their healthy counterparts. The values of T1Gd of Group B was 14% lower than those of Group A. And the difference was significant statistically. Conclusion Cartilage of the femoral head undergoes abnormal metabolic changes before collapse. There is a loss of GAG in the cartilage and it aggravates with the worsening of ONFH.     

无机骨材料对上颌窦提升术后骨再生的影响

目的：研究兔上颌窦提升术后扩增区域内新生骨的改建过程和破骨细胞的分布情况,探讨无机骨颗粒对上颌窦提升术后骨再生的影响。方法：对8只日本大耳白兔施行上颌窦提升术。实验组扩增区植入无机骨颗粒,对照组仅使血凝块充满扩增区,不填充移植材料。结果：术后4周,对照组扩增区近窦黏膜处的新生骨表面可见大量破骨细胞。组织形态测量学分析表明,术后4周至8周实验组窦底提升高度显著大于对照组;术后8周时实验组新生骨面积较对照组明显增加。结论：上颌窦内存在的空气压力可导致上颌窦提升术后新生骨发生吸收。在上颌窦提升术中使用无机骨填充材料可抵抗上颌窦内的空气压力,并具有良好的骨重建效果。     

后路椎体间打压植骨融合治疗腰椎失稳的临床观察

目的:探讨后路椎体间打压植骨融合术治疗腰椎失稳症的临床疗效和适应证。方法:分析2001年1月至2008年7月95例腰椎失稳行后路椎体间打压植骨融合术的患者,其中男41例,女54例;年龄45～76岁,平均59岁。其中单节段68例,2节段22例,3节段5例,共127个椎间隙。术中椎管及患侧神经根彻底减压,由患侧切除椎间盘组织,大范围刮除软骨板直至终板,使用切除的椎板等骨质打压植骨,配合椎弓根螺钉内固定。观察手术前后的症状体征并进行JOA评分;通过腰椎X线片测量手术前后椎间高度变化并根据SUK方法观察植骨融合情况。结果:95例患者均获得随访,时间12～90个月,平均44.8个月。术后临床症状明显缓解或消失,127个椎间隙均获融合,未发生植入骨移位及严重并发症。影像学示术后椎间高度较术前显著增加。术后8周JOA评分为(25.1±2.8)分,最终随访时(24.8±3.2)分,与术前(11.3±3.3)分相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论:后路椎体间打压植骨融合术可作为治疗腰椎失稳的有效方法之一,适用范围广,尤其适用于老年腰椎退变性不稳。     

寰椎椎弓根螺钉置钉技巧探讨

[目的]探讨寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎不稳的置钉技巧。[方法]总结2000年10月～2008年9月应用寰椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗寰枢椎不稳患者66例,置钉132枚。术中在直视下依据手感行寰椎椎弓根螺钉置钉,复位固定。[结果]本组66例132枚螺钉均成功置入,复位固定满意。术中未发现脊髓、神经根、椎动脉等损伤。术后患者症状及神经脊髓功能均有不同程度恢复。96枚螺钉术后行CT检查,其中91枚位置良好(94.89%)。全部病例内固定无松动、断裂,植骨均融合。[结论]术前影像学测量,术中显露寰椎后弓、直视下依据手感置钉、X线确定进钉方向,是安全置钉的技巧。     

髋关节MR造影在髋臼唇撕裂诊断中的应用

目的 探讨髋关节MR造影在髋臼唇撕裂诊断中的应用价值.方法 临床高度怀疑髋臼唇撕裂的15例20个髋关节在透视下行髋关节穿刺造影,采用SE T1WI加脂肪抑制技术,进行髋关节冠状面、矢状面、斜轴面及放射状位扫描.其中12例行关节镜检查.结果 在行髋关节镜检查的12例14个髋关节中,11例13个髋关节MR造影诊断为髋臼唇撕裂,与关节镜诊断相符;1例MR造影示正常,关节镜检查亦未发现髋臼唇撕裂.13个髋臼唇撕裂中位于前上象限12个髋关节,后上象限1个髋关节.在关节镜诊断髋臼唇撕裂的13个髋关节中,MR造影冠状面诊断髋臼唇撕裂3个髋关节,矢状面诊断10个髋关节,斜轴面及放射状位诊断髋臼唇撕裂均为13个髋关节.15例20个髋关节中有5例6个髋关节在后下象限有髋臼唇下沟表现.结论 MR髋关节造影是诊断髋臼唇撕裂的可靠方法,扫描方法应选择T1WI加脂肪抑制的矢状面及斜轴面或矢状面加放射状位.后下象限撕裂的诊断中应注意正常变异的存在.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application value of MR rthrography (MRA) in the diagnosis of acetabular labral tears. Methods Fifteen patients with a high degree of suspected acetabular labral tears received fluoroscope-guided injection of the contrast media into the hip joint ( hip arthrography) and fat-saturated spin-echo T1-weighted images were obtained in the coronal, sagittal, oblique-axial and radial planes. Hip arthroscopy was performed on 12 of them. Results Labral tears which were diagnosed in 11 patients by hip MRA were confirmed at hip arthroscopy. One patient showed no MRA indication of labral tear, also showed normal on arthroscopy. Tear in the anterior-superior quadrant 10 cases of 12 joints ( 12/13), posterior-superior quadrant 1 case of a joint (1/13). In 11 patients who underwent arthroscopy, hip MRA diagnosed 3 (3/13) joints labral tears in coronal planes, 10 (10/13) joints in sagittal planes and 13 (13/13) labral tears in axial-oblique and radial planes. In 15 patients with 20 hip joints, 5 cases 6 joints (6/20) with normal acetabular sublabral sulcus were performed. Conclusions MR arthrography of hip is a reliable method in the diagnosis of acetabular labral tears. Scanning method should be included fat-saturated spin-echo T1-weighted images in sagittal and oblique-axial planes or sagittal plus radial planes. The diagnosis of tor posterior-inferior quadrant should pay attention to the existence of a normal variation.     

颈椎前路融合术后发生症状性邻近节段退变的临床研究

目的:探讨分析与颈椎前路融合术后发生症状性邻近节段退变相关的因素。方法:自2001年3月-2006年7月共收治354例颈椎病患者,获得随访的263例,其中男185例,女78例,手术时年龄35~76岁,平均51岁,其中神经根型颈椎病54例,脊髓型颈椎病183例,合并两者的有26例。所有患者均接受前路减压、自体髂骨植骨、前路钢板内固定。根据门诊随访,综合评估所有患者的术后临床表现、神经系统及术前术后影像学表现,评价对象包括年龄,性别,融合椎体数,术前颈椎的曲度、活动度,椎管的前后径以及邻近节段的椎间盘突出和椎体前缘骨赘形成等,并根据随访时的侧位X线片将头尾两端邻近椎间隙的骨赘形成程度分为4级,统计学分析引起症状性邻近节段退变的相关因素以及邻近节段退变与骨赘形成程度的关系。结果:263例患者中有39例(14.8%)出现了症状性邻近节段病变,其中男23例,女16例,手术时年龄42~65岁,平均55岁,从手术后到出现邻近节段病变的时间为4~11年,出现邻近节段病变的平均年龄为61岁。这些症状表现为原有颈椎病症状部分或完全缓解后再次出现与邻近节段椎间盘突出相对应的神经症状与体征,而在原手术节段没有脊髓受压的表现。术前脊髓MRI上邻近节段硬膜有压迹或融合节段头侧邻近节段椎间盘低信号的患者,术后发生症状性邻近节段退变的概率明显高于未出现症状的患者,而年龄,性别,融合椎体数,术前颈椎的曲度,活动度,椎管的前后径等研究对象与症状性邻近节段退变没有明显的相关性(P>0.05)。对于发生症状性邻近节段退变的患者,有26例(67%)钢板头端邻近节段发生了骨化,与尾端骨化相比,P<0.01,骨化程度随临床症状的加重而加重。结论:对于因颈椎病而行颈椎前路融合钢板内固定的患者,术前脊髓MRI示有邻近节段硬膜有压迹或融合节段头侧邻近节段椎间盘退变表现者,术后容易发生症状性邻近节段退变,这种退变在侧位X线上可表现钢板头端邻近椎间隙骨化。